Drill or bit rotating mechanism for rock-drilling machines or engines.



No. 845,952. l PATBNTED MAR. 5,1907.

H. HELLMAN L. C. BAYLES. DRILL 0R BIT EOTATING MECHANISM FOR- ROCK DRILLING MACHINES OR ENGINES.

APPLIUATION FILED .TUNE 12, 1906.

'untrue' sTaTns PATENT onirica.

HENRY HELLMAN AND LEWIS C. BAYLES, OF JOHANNESBURG,

TRANSVAAL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March' 5, 1907.

Original application filed July l2, 1905, Serial No. 269,408. Divided and this application led .I une 12,1906. Serial No. 321,328.

portable type which are equipped with' a` handle or to machines intended to be mounted and supported in a' shell or cradle and to be fed by means of an ordinarylfeed-screw or by means of automatic mechanism operated by the motive iiuid or by any other suitable supporting and feeding arrangements.

The present invention, which is a division of van application iiled by us on the 12th July, 1905, bearing Serial No. 269,408, re-

lates especially to means for imparting an intermittent rotary motion to the drilling or boring bit, said means being such that the reversal ofthe valve controlling the admission of the actuating gaseous fluid to the cylinder are dependent upon the rotation of the bit being effected.

The invention consists in 'the construction, arrangement, and novel combinations of parts, as hereinafter more particularly described, and defined in the appended claims.

In order that the invention may he readily understood, we a pend drawings illustrating sullicient of a drill)or machine to show the application of our improvement.

f In the drawings, Figure 1 re resents the machine in longitudinal or si( e elevation. Fig. 2 represents it in longitudinal section. F ig. 3 is a transverse section on line y Vy. Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on line z e', Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse section on line a; y, Fig'. 2. Fig. 6 is a transverse section on liner] e, Fig.,2. Fig. 7 is a transverse section on line :13 e, Fig. 2.

In the drawings the referencemumeral 1 represents the main or power cylinder, in the hollow center or bore of whichis located the piston or percussive reciprocating member 'screw-threaded hole 27.

47. This cylinder at its forward end is' enlarged or increased .in diameter.

At the forwardend the main cylinder l is constructed with an inlet 2, which is shown formed with an internal screw-thread, into which is screwed the'` throttle-valve or other connection, with the hose or other preferably flexible pipe conducting the actuating gaseous fluid to the machine. This inlet 2 communicates with the main supply port formed in the enlarged forward portion or the cylinder 1. inder 1 is screwed a cap 'or cover 5, which closes this end of the cylinder 1. This cover 5 onthc inside is constructed with a cylindrical projection 6, which is formed with an extei nal screw-tl'nead and screws into the internally-threaded rear end ofthe bore of the cylinder 1.

Thecap or cover 5 may, as shown, be con structed with a rearward extension 8,'whi`ch may be formed in one piece with or have attached-to it a handle if the machine is in: tended for hand use or may be connected In the rear end of the main cylel with any other suitable fer :ling` mechanism.

In the'power-cylinder cover 5 vis formed a Into the hole 27 is screwed a Valve 30, to which is fixed, by means of the clamp 31, a hoseor other suitable, preferably flenible pipe 32,-which serves for conducting water, referably placed uny der pressure, to the va ve 30. is constructed with a port 33, which serves for placing the source of watersupply in communication with a port The port- 35 communicates with an annular groove or recess 36, formed in the rear end of the main cylinder 1 or between the cylinder 1 and cover l.5.

In Fig. 2 the valve 3() is shown in the position in which it must be placed to shut off the water-supply from the pipe 32 to the annular space 36. It is caused to assume this position when it is desired that the machine should operate Without supplying water or other liquid to the bottom of the bore-holeas for exam le,` When-the machine is emloyed in ole, in the drilling of which such watersnsplr is not required, as itl may be interin "tiy placed in the hole by hand. To the water to the space 36, the handle The valve 30 IOO ofthe valve 30 (seevFig: 1) is turned through quarter of a revolution. K v In the cylindrical extension 'of thel cylinder-cover is formed a centralhole 4 6, which: opens to the bore of the cylinder 1', and on the rear end of the piston or reci rocating 'percussive member 47 is `forme'V ,ea/cylindrical* extension 48, which-is of approximately the s'arne diameter as the hole 46.- On the rear- Ward movement of the piston 47 this .cylin' drical extension 48.slides in 'the hole 46 and" beinga good sliding lit therein bottles up oril vcontines a quantity of the actuating Huid winch acts as a cushion for said vreciprocating member 47 and prevents it striking violently on the cylindercover 5.

In the enlarged forward end of the main lor power cylinder 1 is located af'valve,49,.

which serves for controlling 'the distribution of the actuating iluid in the power-cylinder I or for alternately admitting the actuating` Huid to either side 'of the'piston or recipro' eating percussive member.47 and at the `sa'rne l time placing the opposite end incommunication with exhaust. As 'seen more particularly in Figs. 2 and 6, the valve 49 is of cyl1n drical shape and is constructed with a pro! j ection 50 on one side forming. Hat faces51 52',`

which are utilized for reversing the valve 49,l

said projection 5() working in va curved'recess 53, formed in the frontendof the cylinder 1. stated, constructed with a main su ply-port e 3 in communication'with the 'Hui inlet 2,

Three ports 54 servefor placing .the main' supply-port 3 underl the control of the valveV2A In the cylinder 1 are formed two' other,

. ports 55 56, which 'arealso controlledl by the valve, the one port'55 leading to the frward end of the cylinder 1 or lrontjofthepiston 47 and the other one, 56, leading tol the rear end of the cylinder lyor back of the piston 47, each alternately serving as supplyand exhaust ports; Longitudinally of. the powercylinder 1 are formed two other ports 57 58', which lace the recess 53 at opposite sidesoi' the va vev projection '50 in, communication with the interior of Vthe cylinder In the enlarged front portion of the cylinder lare formed two transverse" ports 59 60,v which. serve asexhaustorts for opposite -ends of .f the cylindenlg. n the valve 49 are formed,

two peripheral 'grooves for recesses 61 62,' so4 positioned that they alternately yplace the ports 56 in communication with the main supply-port 3 and also alternately. lace said orts 55 56 'in communication wit the exlaust-ports 6() 59, lIn Fig. v6I the valve 49. is shown in such a position: that' the which-leads tothe rear end of the cy nder 1., is by means of the peripheral recess. 61 in communication 4with the exhaust-port 59, While the port 5 5, leadin to the orwardlend of the .cylinder 1, is by t ve peripheral recess port 5,6,

The cylinder iis, as previously to` exhaust andthe forward en i.

yor boring-tool 63. 4 Over the enlarged "c2-v a'nd pensai' in teammate@ with the .mainfslpply-port 3 and4 closed to exhaust.-`

In'this-,position' the'piston or reciprocating percussive: member 47 is moving ina rearward. direction inside the cylinder When the piston'4-7 voverruns the 'port 5S, it allows thel actuatingluid at the front of the piston 347 to pass along said port 58` and enter the rrecess 53; \when by. acting on' the surface 52 of the projection 50 ofthe valve 49 vit reverses thev-alye and closes the port 55 to the main supplyfport'and opens 1t (port 55),.to` theexhaust'port-'o and closes-the ort 56 said port 57 tothe recess 53 and acting on the surface 51 of the projection 5'0 of the valve reverses the latter orreturns it tothe' position inlwhich itis shown in Fig. 6, whereupon the rearend of ,the cylinder 1 is laced-io en place in y-.Port 31 communication with the main supp as previously explained.

the frontofthe cylinder 1 is a cylindrical piece 64, constructed round its circumference-with ratchet-teeth 6 5., In a'recess 66, formed inside the valve "49; is located a ln the open center of thevalve ,49 and l 'with its forward Aend fitting-a recess formed V1n ratchet or fpawl 67, which engages the ratchet-teeth 65.'. The ratchet 67 is maintained in gear with4 the ratchet wheel or teeth 65 by means of a plunger 68, located in a hole 69 inside the recess 66, a spring 70, located in said hole 69- at the rear of the plunger 68,

-serving to keep it, pressed forward on the backof the ratchet 67 .f The ratchet 67 and valve 49 'are free torotate in one'direction, 'round the ratchet-wheel-64; but vwhen-the `valve49 moves in the other directlon 1t 1s IKO compelled to carry with it said .ratchet-wheel l "64,50 that'no motion ofthe valve 49 in one.

direction can takep'lace without thelratchetwheel 64 being rotated, which transmits the mot/ion to the drilllng-bitintermittent rotary der 1 is screwed or otherwise suitably secure the front, cap 71, which serves, to 'retain the valve 49 and pawl 6'7 in position inthe cylinder 1. Theratchet-wheel64 is"constructed' fOr-Werd mi of the-cylinwith a lhole 752 oli square orpolygonal trans-,

verse section, and that portion of the shank of j"the'drill 4or hit'63I which lits therein is made of corres onding polygonal external section,

so ythat t e drill or bit 'is compelled to rot inder 1 and at the other endterminating at ,recess 36 along the longitudinal port 76 to the t-he drill 63. A hole 77 is formed longitudigaseous iluiil passes from the cylinder 1 along Athe bottom of the hole being drilled. Ports tate with said ratchet-wheel 64. The drillsteel 63y is constructed with an annular enlargement 7 3, formin a shoulder which abuts the front end of the' ront ca'p 71 and insures the shank of the drill'or bit 63 entering the cylinder 1 the correct distance. The cutting extremity of the bit 63 may be made of any desired and suitable shape. The rear end of the shank ofthe drill-bit 63- is made cylindrical and fits the reduced part 74 et the bore of the cylinder 1 and projects for some distance into the bore,y so that it receives directly on the inner end the impacts of the reciprocating permissive member .or piston 47. l

In the part 74 of the bore of the cylinder 1 is constructed an annular recess 75, surrounling the rear end of the shanil. f the drill 63. This'recess75 by means of a'longitudinal port 76 is placed in communication with the space or recess 36 in the rear end of the cylinder 1` or between the cylinder 1 and the'cylinder-cover 5. This recess 36, as previously explained, is placed in communication with the water-supply by the port 35, so that the water may pass om said annular annular recess 75, surrounding the shank of nally of the drill-steel, communicating at the one end with the front end of the power-cylor 1n proximityto the cutting end of the drill 63; It is shown communicating with a central recess 78 between the radial cutting edges 79. In the steel 63 one or more ports 8Q are formed, which place the annular recess in communication with the longitudinal hole 77 in the steel 63. These ports 80 are preferably inclined in a forward direction from the recess 75 to the hole 77. With this construction a quantity of the t,actuating the longitudinal hole 77 to the cutting end of the drill or bit 63. In its passage across the inner ends of the angularly-disposed ports 80 it draws in by suction a quantity of water and carries it along thelcngitudinal hole 77 to the cutting end of the drill or bit, the water serving to -prevent the formationl of dust and, in conjunction with the actuating gaseous Huid, serving to eject the cuttings from 81 are formed through the front cap 71, coinciding withthe exhaust-ports 59 60, through which the exhaust from the power-cylinder 1 may pass to the atmosphere. Y

The operation ofthe machine may be described follows: The drill or lrit 63 is! loosely positioned in the front end of the i power-cylinder l with the portion of the shank which is oii square or poljfgonal trans- ,I verse section-in the center of the ratchcti Wheel 64"'tind with the inner end projecting l ating fluid isnow opened to admit the actu- 'ating fluid to the inlet-2 whence it passes to the main supply-port 3 and, according to the position of the valve 49, to one or other of the ports 55 and 56, communicating with the forward and rear ends of the cylinder 1, respectively. The admission of the actuating nuid alternately to either end of the power-cylinder 1 impels the piston or reciprocating percussive member 47 on its outward ano percussive and rearward and inoperative stroKes. In its return stroke it is prevented striking violently onthe cylinder-cover 5 by the air pressed in the recess 46, the cylindrical extension 48 acting as a plunger on the confined iuid. On its forward stroke it impinges on the extremity of the shank of the drill or bit 63 inside the cylinder l, and the drill or bit being loosely positionedin said cylinder 1 is thereby driven forward, causing the cutting end to strikeA the rock-face. Just before the piston 47 reaches the end 0f its stroke in either direction it alternately uncovers the ports 57 and 58, and so permits a quantity of the fluid at the initial pressure to pass from the interior of the cylinder 1 alternately along said ports 57 and 58, which, as hereinbefore fully described, effects the reversal of or imparts to the valve 49 its rotary motion in opposite directions, andso controls the adnission of the actuating fluid to snid cylinder 1 The movement of the valve 49 in one direction, as hereintefore fully explqined, imparts to the ratchet-wheel 64 an intermittent rotary motion in one direction,

and the ratchet-wheel transniits said intermittent rotary nzotion to the l it through the part ot the shank which is of polygonal section and iits the hole or Lore of said ratchetwheel 64. By this ireans the rotation of the drill-steel63 is positive-that is to say, the operation of the valve 49 is dependent upon s'rid rotation being effected, owing to the fact that it is incapable of n'roven'ent in one direction without transiritting rotary notion to the nitchet-wheel 64 and drill-steel 63, While it is free to rotate independently thereof in the reverse direction. ln other machines or drills designed to opera te on a similar principle as the adnission of the actuating iiuid was not directly controlled by the nceans effecting the rotation the latter was not positive, and the reciprocating percussive Irember was impelled on its inward and outward strokes while the 4rot-ating mechanism re- ICO , dinal hole 77 in the drill-steel-f and, as

manedinoperativey to fthe, -fr'ictional encountered by the. drilling'- l it resistance. when, the machinewas in operation. This constitutes an extremely important feature of the present invention.- A quantity of the actuatinggaseous fluid passes from thefront end of the, main cylinder 1 .along the longituhereinbeforerdesciied, passes to the. cutting extremity along with a quantity vof water which enters .the longitudinal hole 77 in the drill-.steel 63 from the recess 75 by the port or ports 80 in4 the= shank of the lit 63.

What weiclaim as our invention, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, isy y 1J In- -aA drilling or boring machine or en gine, a .po wer-cylinder,I percussive'apparatus within said cylinder,- a drill or bit located at the. forward end of said cylinder, a motor vzo valso located at the forward end of said cylinder, I neans for engaging said motor with said .drill or, bit, and-.means whereby the motor actuatingfiuid in controls. the distribution of the-power-cylinder.

2., In adrilling or boring machine or engine, a, power-cylinder,l percussive apparatus in said cylinder, a, drill or bit located at the forward end of said cylinder, an oscillationmotor ,and means .whereby the motor controls thedistribution of the actuating fluid in the power-cylinder, and said motor comprising a hollow toothed wheel having a driving .engagement with the drill or bit which passes therethrough.

3.. Ina drilling or boring machine or engine, a power-cylinder, percussive apparatuswithin-said cylinder, a drill or bit located atv the forward end of said cylinder, an oscillation-motor also located at the forward end of said'cylinder, and means whereby the motor controlsl the distribution of the actuating fluid .in the power-cylinder, and said motor comprising a hollow toothed wheel having a driving engagement with the cylinder or bit which passes therethrough. A

- 4. In a drilling or boringmachine or en gine, a power-cylinder,y percussive apparatus within said cylinder, a drill or bit located at theforward end of said cylinder, a motor also located at'theforward end of said cylinder, means for engaging said motor with said drill or bit, means whereby the mo tor controls the end of the cylinder,y an oscillation-motor also. located,` at thel `forwardend of thecylinder' distribution ofthe actuating fluid` in the power-cylinder, and a cap whichV houses insaid motor and'surrounds said drill or bit.

5. In adrilling A or .boring machine jor engine, a power-cylinder, percussive apparatus therein, a drill or bit locatedat the forward and directly'engagingl said drill or bit, and

said cylinder having ports, and means wherebyjtsaid ,portsare Yopened l and closed; by the motor, for supplyingpower'fmediumV to the n percussive apparatus.

6.- In a drilling or boringmachine`orensl gine, a power-cylinder, apercussive appara-:-.y tus in said power-cylinder, a motor locatedl at the forward end of said cylinder which' serves for distributing the motive fluid in the' power cylinder, said" motor comprising a valve having a projection working in a recess to which operating fluid is admitted alternately to either side of said projection to reverse the valve, a cylindrical piece located at the center of the valve and formed with a' hole. and with circumferential ratchet-teeth, a pawl carried by said valve and in engage4 mentwiththe ratchet-teeth and a plunger and spring for maintaining` said pawl in gear with said teeth, and a drill or bit also located at the forward end of the cylinder and having a portion of'its shank passing into and loosely and nonrotatably engaging the hole inthe' cylinder-piece aforesaid.

7. In a drilling or v'boring machine or.'en' gine, in combination a power-cylinder, are

ciprocating percussive member therein, a

drill or bit loosely positioned at the forward end of said cylinder, said bit adapted tol receive theimpacts of the reciprocating member and formed with a portion of its shank 'ofi square or polygonal external section,\ a ratchet-wheel surrounding said shank and shaped to fit the square or polygonal section, a valve located round said ratchet-wheel which controls the distribution of the actuating fluid in the -power-cylinder and a pawl carried by the valve engaging the teeth of the ratchet L wheel, which when the valve is moved in one direction rotates the ratchet-A wheel and drill-steel part of a revolutionand is free to move independently of the drillsteel in the reverse direction.

8. In a drilling or boring machine or-'en1 cussive lapparatus 'in said power cylinder,

said. cylinder being constructed. with a maininlet and distributing-ports communicating with either end, a valve located in said cylin-v der Whichfcontrols the admission and-exhaus-` tion of the actuating iiuid -to and from .said distributing-ports, a ratchet-wheel locatedli inside the valve, a spring-controlled pawl e'n-.. gaging the teeth of the ratchet-wheel; a drill or bit loosely positioned in the forward end of the vcylinder projecting through the.` center of. the ratchet-Wheel and madeof po-t lygonal transverse section corresponding. to..A the hole in the ratchet-wheel so that when ther'- ratchet-Wheel is rotated in one directionb'y means of the valve the drillor bit is rotated '5 part of a revolution while no movement of the .i drill or 4steel ensues :when the valve rotates i inthe oppositel directiomthe power-.cylindelvrlg being. .constmcted c with ports. .controiledibyv gine, in combination, a powencylinder, a per cussive apparatus m said power-cylinder said cylinder being constructed with a main supply-port and witn'ports communicating with either end of said .cylinder for conducting the actuating-fluid to either side of thepercussive reciprocating member and with ports, communicating withthe cylinder, controlled by the percussive member, said latter ports communicating with a recess in'which the valve is located, av valve for controlling the distribution of the actuating-fluid located at the `forward end of said cylinder, s aid valve -being constructed with a projection working Inga recess to which the fluid isadmitted alternate'ly to either side ofV said projection to reverse the valve, a cylindric-al piece formed with a hole of polygonal transverse sectionand with ratchet-teeth on its circumference,`

a pawl carried by the valve in gear with said ratchet-teeth, and a drill-steel loosely positioned at the forwardend oi'the cylinder constructed with Aa portion of polygonal transversesection corresponding to and fitting theY hole in the ratchet-wheel.

10. In a drilling or boring machine or engine, in combination, a power-cylinder constructed with an enlarged front portion and v with an inletand main supply-port for the `ter of the valve an actuating Huid and withdistributing-ports communicating 'with either end of the cylin- Vder for conducting the actuating fluid to opposite ends of the percussive reciprocating member and with valve-reversing ports communicating with the cylinder controlled by the percussive member, said latter ports communicating with a recess at the front of the cylinder in which the valve is located, a reciprocating percussive member in the cylinder constructed with a rearward extension, a valve located at the forward end of the cylinder which valve controls the distribution of the actuating Huid, saidl valve being constructed with a projection working in a recess to which the fluid is admitted alternately to either side of said projection to reverse the valve, a cylindrical iece located in the` cend) formed with a hole of polygonal transverse vsection and lwith circum erential ratchet-teeth, a pawl located in arecess in the valve in engagement with the ratchet-teeth and a plunger and spring for maintaining said pawl in gear with the ratchet-teeth, and a drill or bit loosely positioned at the forward end of thev cylinder formed with a portion of its shank of polygonal transverse section tting the correspondingly-shapcd hole in the ratchet-wheel so that when the valve moved in one direcmaintaining said vactuating iluid and with distributing-ports communicating with either end of the cylinder for conducting the actuating fluid to opj posite ends of the percussive'reciprocating member and with valve'- reversing ports communicating with the cylinder controlled by the lpercussive member, said latter ports communicating with a recess at the-front of the cylinder in which the valve is located, a reciprocating percussive member in the cylinder constructed with a rearward extension, a valve located at the forward end of the cylinder which valve controls the distribution of the actuating fluid, said valve being constructed with a projection working in a recess-to which the l-iuid is admitted alternately to either side of said projection to reverse the valve, a cylindrical piece located in the centerof the valve and formed with a hole of polygonal' transverse' section and with circumrerential ratchet-teeth, a paWl located-in a recess in the valve in engagement with the ratchet-teeth and a plunger and spring l'or pawl in gear with the ratchet-teeth, and a drill or bit loosely positioned at. the forward end ofthe cylinder formed with a portion lof its shank of polygonal transverse section fitting the correspondingly-shaped hole in the ratchet-wheel so that .when the valve is moved in one direction it im arts rotary motion to the ratchet- Wheel andp drill or steel and is free to move in the reverse direction, a cover iXed at the rear end of the power-cylinder, a valve connected to the cylinder-cover, said valve communicating with a liquid-supply on the one side'and on the other side with a space at the rear of the power-cylinder, the cylinder being constructed with a longitudinal portcommunicatmg at one end with said recess and at the other end with a recess formed between the inner end of the drill-steel and the bore of the cylinder, the drill-steel having a longitudinal. port and transverse ports placing thesurrounding recess in communication with said longitudinal dport for conducting liquid I to the cutting en of the drill, the.longitudi nal port in the drill-steel opening to the forward end of the cylinder to allow a quantity of the actuating Huid to pass to the cutting end along with the liquid, and means for forming an air buil er or cushion between the impact-piece and the cylinder-cover, substantially as described.

12. In a drilling or boring machine or enginefa power-cylinder, percussive apparatus ITO -supplying power medium to the motor.

' In Wtnesswhereof We have hereunto set ro ther-ehi, a drill-or vbit located at the forward our hands 1n the presenoe of two subscribing end of lthe cylinder, an oscillating motor also located at the vforward erd' ofuthe ylinde' Witnesses.

and directly' engaging sai dri or l 1t sai oyliner having ports opened and closed by the motor'for supplying power medium to the percussive apparatus, and ports opened Witnesses:

CHAS. OVENDALE, 5 R. OVENDALE.

and closed by the pereussve apparatus' for. 

